In the midst of the Israelites’ journey and worship, the Lord gave Moses further guidance about sin offerings—sacrifices made when someone unintentionally sinned against God’s holy laws. God knew that even His people, though faithful, could err, and He provided a way for them to be forgiven and restored.
The Lord said, "If anyone sins unintentionally against the Lord, they must bring a sin offering to the tent of meeting to make atonement." The offering depended on the status of the person who had sinned—whether it was a priest, the entire community, a leader, or an ordinary individual.
For the high priest, if he sinned, he was to bring a young bull without defect as a sin offering. The bull was brought to the entrance of the tent of meeting, and the priest would lay his hand on the animal’s head, symbolically transferring his guilt to the sacrifice. The bull would then be slaughtered, and the blood carefully sprinkled before the curtain of the sanctuary to cleanse the holy place from the priest’s sin.
If the entire community sinned unintentionally, the leaders would bring a young bull as the sin offering, and the same rituals of blood sprinkling and atonement would follow to purify the people and the sanctuary.
For a leader who sinned, a male goat without defect was brought as the sin offering, and for an ordinary person, a female goat or lamb, or even a bird if they could not afford larger animals, was acceptable.
The priests acted as mediators, offering sacrifices and sprinkling blood to cleanse the people and the sanctuary from sin and guilt. The fat of the sin offering was burned on the altar, symbolizing the complete removal of sin and the restoration of the people’s relationship with God.
Through these sin offerings, the Israelites learned that forgiveness was possible, that God was merciful and just, and that holiness required sincere repentance and atonement.
God’s instructions for sin offerings showed His desire to dwell among a pure people, and to provide a way for them to return to Him when they stumbled.

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