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The story of exodus 22


 





Exodus 22 continues the legal code given to the Israelites, focusing on laws regarding property damage and theft. It also includes various social and religious laws to guide their community life.

Laws Concerning Property

The chapter begins with a series of laws about theft and restitution.

 1. Theft of livestock: If a person steals an ox or a sheep and then slaughters or sells it, they must pay back a multiple of what was stolen: five oxen for an ox and four sheep for a sheep. If the stolen animal is found alive in the thief's possession, they must pay double.

 2.  Theft at night: A burglar caught breaking in at night and killed is not subject to a charge of bloodshed. However, if the sun has risen, the killer is guilty of bloodshed. This distinction is made because a thief caught in broad daylight can be apprehended without lethal force.

 3. Property left with a neighbor: If a person leaves money or goods with a neighbor for safekeeping and it is stolen, the thief must pay double if caught. If the thief is not found, the neighbor must swear before the LORD that they did not steal it. If an animal is left with a neighbor and it is mauled, the neighbor is not responsible. However, if it is stolen, the neighbor must make restitution.

Social and Religious Laws

The second part of the chapter covers laws related to social conduct and religious obligations.

 1. Gleaning in a field: If a person's livestock grazes in someone else's field, the owner of the livestock must make restitution with the best of their own field or vineyard.

 2. Sexual relations: If a man seduces an unbetrothed virgin, he must pay her bride-price and marry her. If the father refuses the marriage, the man must still pay the bride-price.

 3. Witchcraft and bestiality: A sorceress shall not be allowed to live. Anyone who has sexual relations with an animal shall be put to death.

 4. Sacrifice to other gods: Anyone who sacrifices to any god other than the LORD alone shall be devoted to destruction.

Protection of the Vulnerable

Exodus 22 also emphasizes the protection of the vulnerable members of society.

1.  Treatment of foreigners, widows, and orphans: The Israelites are commanded not to mistreat or oppress foreigners, as they were once foreigners in Egypt. They are also warned not to afflict widows and orphans. The LORD promises to hear their cry and act on their behalf if they are mistreated.

 2. Lending and pledges: If a person lends money to the poor, they shall not act as a creditor and charge interest. If a person takes their neighbor's cloak as a pledge, they must return it before sunset, as it may be their only covering.


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